Part 340: Radioactive 废物处理 Procedures

• 340.10的介绍
  
• 340.20放射性固体废物处理
• 340.30放射性液体废物处理
• 340.40放射性气体废物处理
• 340.50放射性生物废物处理
• 340.60 Disposal of 浪费 at Facilities Located Outside of Moscow

340.10的介绍

Radioactive waste can be classified as solid, 液体, gaseous or biological. In addition to being classified as radioactive waste, some wastes may also meet the definition of an EPA hazardous waste. This type of waste is considered a "mixed waste" and must be properly disposed of according to both radiation safety and hazardous waste regulations. Each type of radioactive waste requires different procedures for handling, reporting and disposal. The 辐射安全 委员会 must approve all waste disposal procedures.

The 环境健康与安全 Office may be contacted for information on hazardous waste management and classification of hazardous waste. Records of measurements and calculations for determination of activities for solid, 液体, 或者气体废物, or aqueous waste released to sewer must be retained until termination of the authorization, at which time the records must be transferred to the radiation safety officer.

340.20放射性固体废物处理

1. 固体放射性废物的定义是 任何固体材料，包含, 已经联系了, or is suspected to have contacted radioactive material. Liquids or biological materials cannot be disposed of with solid radioactive waste. Scintillation vials and other sample containers may be disposed of as solid radioactive waste provided they are 彻底 干燥所有废液(第340部分).30). Solid waste containing 液体 residue will not be accepted by the radiation safety officer.
   
   NOTE: For vials or containers that previously held a hazardous 液体, the vial or container must not contain any 液体. For vials or containers that previously held a non-hazardous 液体, 小瓶或容器可能刚刚被抽干, 至少一个小时. For gel-like material, 请与辐射安全官员联系.
   
   All solid radioactive material regardless of half-life must be collected and disposed of by 环境健康与安全 personnel.
2. 处理程序:
   1. Obtain a suitable waste container lined with at least a 4 mil polyethylene liner. The radiation safety officer or designee will supply liners and waste containers.
   2. Remove or deface from any item the radiation symbol or word "radioactive" prior to disposal.
   3. Do not mix waste containing different isotopes without the approval of the radiation safety officer or designee. The radiation safety officer or designee may be contacted for assistance in determining the proper isotope separation for solid waste.
   4. When the container is full or is ready to be disposed of, complete a Radioactive 废物处理 Form RSM-4 (one form per container), 复印两份, 附上一份到容器上, 为你的文件保留一份副本, and mail the original to the radiation safety officer.
   5. Update radioactive material records and inventory.
   6. If the waste is a sealed source or an instrument containing a sealed source, 请与辐射安全官员联系 or designee for information on disposal.
3. 利器-利器是物体, 比如碎玻璃, 针, 注射器, 手术刀叶片, 玻璃滴管, 塑料吸管头, 等., that could cause injury and/or puncture or cut through the waste container liner. 为了所有相关人员的安全， 从来没有 place these objects in the radioactive waste container by themselves. Always place them in a cardboard, plastic, metal or other suitable container. The sharps container can then be disposed of in the solid radioactive waste.
4. Container shielding - The lead shielding ("pigs") shipped with some radioisotopes can be recycled back to the vendor. This lead shielding must be free of contamination and must not be disposed of with the solid radioactive waste. Contact the radiation safety officer or designee for information on how to recycle the lead shielding.

340.30放射性液体废物处理

1. 液态放射性废物的定义是 any 液体 that has radioactive material suspended or incorporated into it. Liquid waste can be either aqueous or contain organic solvents. Special care must be taken when disposing of 液体 radioactive wastes as many organic solvents are also considered an EPA hazardous waste.
2. 处理程序:
1. Liquid radioactive wastes not meeting the definition of an EPA hazardous waste may be disposed of via the sanitary sewer system if all of the following criteria are met:
1. The material is soluble, or readily dispersible, in water; and
2. The 辐射安全 委员会 has approved the procedure; and
3. The material will not exceed the limits specified in Part 900 (NOTE: Individual authorization limits may be increased by the 辐射安全 委员会 or radiation safety officer based on total university use and disposal. Contact the radiation safety officer for additional information.); and
4. The material is flushed with copious amounts of water.
5. A contamination survey must also be conducted of the sink and immediate area after the disposal of 液体 radioactive waste.
6. A Radioactive 废物处理 Form RSM-4 must be completed for the waste disposed of and submitted to the radiation safety officer within five working days after the sewer release occurred.
2. Liquid radioactive waste meeting the definition of an EPA hazardous waste must be collected and properly disposed of by the following procedure:
1. Obtain a glass container, not larger than one gallon. Metal or plastic containers are not allowed as waste containers.
2. 将液体废物放入玻璃容器中. Leave enough room in the container to account for thermal expansion of the 液体. Scintillation vials containing 液体 will not be accepted by the radiation safety officer. These vials must be emptied into the larger glass container. 空瓶可以清洗并重复使用, 或作为固体废物处理, in which case they must be 彻底 dried in a fume hood prior to placement in a waste container.
3. When the container is full or is ready to be disposed of, complete a Radioactive 废物处理 Form RSM-4 (one form per container), 复印两份, 附上一份到容器上, 为你的文件保留一份副本, and mail the original to the radiation safety officer.
3. The radiation safety officer may require the user to store high activity, short-lived radioactive 液体 waste until it has decayed to an acceptable level.
4. Update radioactive material records and inventory.
5. Users are encouraged to consider using commercially available nonhazardous, "biodegradable" 液体 scintillation solvents that may be disposed of via the sanitary sewer system as described in Part 340.30(B)(1).

340.40放射性气体废物处理

1. 气态放射性废物的定义是 any gas, aerosol, mist or dust produced that contains a radioactive material.
2. 处理程序:
1. 所有气态放射性废物的排放必须:
1. Be approved by the 辐射安全 委员会; and
2. Not exceed, at the release point to the atmosphere, the unrestricted limits specified in Part 900.
2. 在释放气态放射性废物的过程中, exposure to personnel may not exceed the restricted limits specified in Part 900 for restricted areas, 或者对不受限制的区域进行不受限制的限制.
3. A Radioactive 废物处理 Form RSM-4 must be completed for the waste disposed of and submitted to the radiation safety officer within five working days after the release occurred.
4. Update radioactive material records and inventory.

340.50放射性生物废物处理

1. The definition of a biological radioactive waste is any waste generated from the incorporation of a radioactive substance into a living organism or system. 一个活的有机体或系统包括, 但不限于, 动物, 植物, 组织, 细胞培养, 动物或植物部位, 病毒材料, 或者细菌有机体.
   
   如果生物废物被认为具有传染性, it must be treated to render the waste non-infectious prior to disposal.
2. 处理程序:
   1. If the waste can easily be converted into a 液体 form:
   1. 将废物均质化成液体.
   2. 遵循第340部分中的过程.30 for disposing of non-hazardous 液体 radioactive waste.
   2. Decay of radioactive material - If the radioisotope has a short enough half-life to allow the radioactive material to decay to safe levels, freeze the waste in a properly marked freezer and hold the waste until it has decayed to the levels specified by the radiation safety officer or designee.
   3. Carbon-14 and hydrogen-3 (tritium) animal tissue:
   1. Animal tissue containing carbon-14 or hydrogen-3 (tritium) in concentrations of 0.05 microcuries per gram or less may be disposed of as a non-radioactive biological waste.
   2. 浪费 disposed of in this manner may not be used as food for humans or as animal feed.
   4. Other disposal methods - To dispose of biological waste that cannot be disposed of by any of the procedures described above, 请与辐射安全官员联系.
   5. Update radioactive material records and inventory.
3. 灭菌-细菌有机体, cultures or other biological materials must not be sterilized by a procedure that can potentially cause the radiolabeled material to be become airborne. Examples of procedures that are not allowed include autoclaving or high heat sterilization methods. The 辐射安全 委员会 may approve the use of these types of sterilization methods if it can be demonstrated by the user that radioactive material cannot become airborne during the sterilization process.

340.60 Disposal of 浪费 at Facilities Located Outside of Moscow

浪费 disposal procedures for university facilities located outside of Moscow shall be determined by the 辐射安全 委员会 at the time of authorization.